A can hit a target 4 times with 5 shots. B can hit 3 times with 5 shots and C can hit 3 times with 5 shots. Each fire a volley, what is the probability that 2 shots hit the target?

Let E1 , E2 , E3 be the events ‘A hits a shot’, ‘B hits a shot’, ‘C hits a shot’ respectively.
therefore space space space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis space equals space 4 over 5 comma space space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis space equals space 3 over 5 comma space space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space equals 3 over 5
P(two shots hit)
               equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 space straight E subscript 2 space straight E with bar on top subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 space straight E with bar on top subscript 2 space straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 1 space straight E subscript 2 space straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis
space equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 3 right parenthesis thin space plus thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis
space equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis space left square bracket 1 minus straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis right square bracket space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis space left square bracket 1 minus straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis right square bracket space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis plus open square brackets 1 minus straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis close square brackets space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis
equals space open parentheses 4 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 1 minus 3 over 5 close parentheses space plus 4 over 5 space open parentheses 1 minus 3 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses space plus space open parentheses 1 minus 4 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses
equals space open parentheses 4 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 2 over 5 close parentheses space plus space open parentheses 4 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 2 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses space plus space open parentheses 1 fifth close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses space open parentheses 3 over 5 close parentheses space equals 24 over 125 plus 24 over 125 plus 9 over 125 equals 57 over 125
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A and B throw a die alternately till one of them gets a ‘6’ and wins the game. Find their respective probabilities of winning if A starts first.

Let S denote the success (getting a '6') and F denote the failure (not getting a '6').
therefore space space space straight P left parenthesis straight S right parenthesis space equals 1 over 6 comma space space straight P left parenthesis straight F right parenthesis space equals space 5 over 6
P(A wins in the first throw) = P(S)= 1 over 6
A gets the throw,  when the first throw by A and second throw by B result into failures. Therefore,
              straight P left parenthesis straight A space wins space in space the space third space throw right parenthesis space equals space straight P left parenthesis FFS right parenthesis space equals 5 over 6.5 over 6.1 over 6 space equals open parentheses 5 over 6 close parentheses squared space open parentheses 1 over 6 close parentheses
straight P left parenthesis straight A space wins space in space the space 5 th space throw right parenthesis space equals space straight P left parenthesis FFFFS right parenthesis space equals space open parentheses 5 over 6 close parentheses to the power of 4 space open parentheses 1 over 6 close parentheses space and space so space on. space
Hence space straight P left parenthesis straight A space wins right parenthesis space equals space 1 over 6 space plus open parentheses 5 over 6 close parentheses squared space open parentheses 1 over 6 close parentheses space plus space open parentheses 5 over 6 close parentheses to the power of 4 space open parentheses 1 over 6 close parentheses plus.... space equals space fraction numerator begin display style 1 over 6 end style over denominator 1 minus begin display style 25 over 36 end style end fraction space space space space space open square brackets because space space straight S space equals space fraction numerator straight a over denominator 1 minus straight r end fraction close square brackets
                             equals space 6 over 11
P(B wins) = 1 - P(A wins) = 1 minus 6 over 11 space equals 5 over 11.

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A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots, B 3 times in 4 shots, and C 2 times in 3 shots. Calculate the probability that
(i) A B, C all may hit    (ii) B, C may hit and A may lose.


Let E1 , E2 , E3 be the events ‘A hits a shot’, ‘B hits a shot,’ ‘C hits a shot’ respectively.
therefore space space space space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis space equals space 4 over 5 comma space space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis space equals 3 over 4 comma space space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space equals space 2 over 3
(i) P(A, B, C all may hit) = straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 space straight E subscript 2 space straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis
                                 equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space equals space 4 over 5 cross times 3 over 4 cross times 2 over 3 space equals 2 over 5
(ii) P(B, C may hit and A may lose)
                              equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 space straight E subscript 3 space straight E with bar on top subscript 1 right parenthesis space equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 1 right parenthesis
equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis space thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space left square bracket 1 minus straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis right square bracket
space equals 3 over 4 cross times 2 over 3 cross times open parentheses 1 minus 4 over 5 close parentheses space equals space 3 over 4 cross times 2 over 3 cross times 1 fifth space equals 1 over 10
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A can hit a target 3 times in 5 shots, B 2 times in 5 shots, C 3 times in 4 shots. Each fire a volley, what is the probability that 2 shots hit the target?


Let E1 , E2 , E3 be the events ‘A hits a shot’, ‘B hits a shot’, ‘C hits a shot respectively.
therefore                straight P space left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis space space equals space 3 over 5 comma space space space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis space equals space 2 over 5 comma space space straight P left parenthesis straight F subscript 3 right parenthesis space equals space 3 over 4
P(two shots hit)                       equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 space straight E subscript 2 space straight E with bar on top subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 space straight E with bar on top subscript 2 space straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 1 space straight E subscript 2 space straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis
equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E with bar on top subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis
equals space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis space left square bracket 1 space minus space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis right square bracket space plus space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis space left square bracket space 1 minus straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis right square bracket space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis space plus space left square bracket 1 minus straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 1 right parenthesis right square bracket space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 2 right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight E subscript 3 right parenthesis
equals space 3 over 5 cross times 2 over 5 cross times open parentheses 1 minus 3 over 4 close parentheses plus 3 over 5 cross times open parentheses 1 minus 2 over 5 close parentheses space cross times 3 over 4 plus open parentheses 1 minus 3 over 5 close parentheses cross times 2 over 5 cross times 3 over 4
equals space 3 over 5 cross times 2 over 5 cross times 1 fourth plus 3 over 5 cross times 3 over 5 cross times 3 over 4 plus 2 over 5 cross times 2 over 5 cross times 3 over 4 equals 6 over 100 plus 27 over 100 plus 12 over 100
equals space fraction numerator 6 plus 27 plus 12 over denominator 100 end fraction space equals 45 over 100 space equals 9 over 20
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A and B toss a coin alternatively till one of them gets a head and wins the game. If A starts the game, find the probability of his winning at his third toss.


Let P(A),  straight P left parenthesis straight A with bar on top right parenthesis be the probabilities of A's getting the head and not getting the head respectively.
          Then straight P left parenthesis straight A right parenthesis space equals 1 half comma space space straight P left parenthesis straight A with bar on top right parenthesis space equals space 1 minus straight P left parenthesis straight A right parenthesis space equals space 1 minus 1 half space equals space 1 half.
Similarly,  P(B) = 1 half comma space space space space straight P left parenthesis straight B with bar on top right parenthesis space equals space 1 half
Now A starts the game and wins in his third toss i.e.,  in 5th row
therefore  required probability  = straight P left parenthesis straight A with bar on top right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight B with bar on top right parenthesis space straight P left parenthesis straight A with bar on top right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight B with bar on top right parenthesis thin space straight P left parenthesis straight A right parenthesis
                                      equals space 1 half cross times 1 half cross times 1 half cross times 1 half cross times 1 half space equals space 1 over 32

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